Diabetes Check-up - Type II Diabetes Predisposition

With the basic check-up, we examine whether diabetes has affected the body's metabolism.

Increased blood sugar levels have harmful effects on the entire vascular system of the body. The purpose of further examinations is to determine the successful regulation of diabetes and, at the same time, to thoroughly check the kidneys, as they are particularly sensitive to high blood sugar levels. These examinations include:

Glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c): This examination shows the average blood sugar levels for the last 45 days. Based on this, the effectiveness of diabetes treatment is evaluated.

High-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs- CRP): It is a particularly sensitive indicator of vascular inflammation that may be caused by high blood sugar levels in diabetics.

24-hour urine albumin (Alb-U-24h): Reflects kidney health in diabetic patients, with particular prognostic value for potential kidney damage due to elevated blood sugar levels.

Creatinine clearance: It is the best measure of assessing the effective functioning of the kidneys, with much greater sensitivity compared to traditional urine and creatinine tests.

Electrolytes (Na+ / K+): They are the main salts of the body, the concentration of which is regulated by the kidneys. Diabetes medications that may be combined with other treatments can disrupt electrolytes with very serious consequences, especially on cardiac function.

General and urine culture: These are performed to additionally check kidney health but mainly to exclude the presence of possible asymptomatic urinary infections. Urinary infections in diabetics are common, as sugar exits in the urine and creates an environment for microbial growth. Type II diabetes has acquired pandemic characteristics in Western societies.

Increased blood sugar levels over time destroy the body's organs, breaking down the vascular system that nourishes them.

Predisposition to type II diabetes

With dynamic tests of the sugar and insulin curves, we determine the body's ability to manage high glucose levels. We provide the subject with a specific orangeade or lemonade with a certain glucose content and measure blood sugar and insulin levels every 30 minutes for a period of 2 hours. In the pre-diabetic stage, the body cannot consume sugar within the 2-hour time frame, either due to the inability to produce insulin (low insulin levels) or due to the production of non-functional insulin (high insulin levels).

With glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c), we measure the average glucose value over a period of 8 - 12 weeks. The analysis exceeds simple sugar measurement, as it is not as variable as sugar (sugar levels vary within 10 minutes due to factors such as fatigue, stress, and food intake).

For the sugar curve, blood collection is required while fasting for 12 hours (water is allowed).

As preparation for morning blood collection and examination, the following are recommended:

- A meal must be consumed the previous evening.
– The last meal should be consumed up to 11-12 hours before blood sampling.
– The evening meal should contain fewer animal fats (if it includes cheeses, fatty dairy products, and meats).
- In the morning, only coffee should be consumed, with free water intake. 

For urine collection for the general examination, the first morning urine is collected after local washing with plenty of water, without soap. 

For the collection of 24-hour urine:

The first morning urine is not collected. The second urine, as well as all subsequent ones, will be collected in a special container that you can obtain from the pharmacy. Collect urine until the first morning urine of the next day. If necessary, use a second container. Be careful not to miss any urine, as the process will have to be repeated. During the collection, urine is stored in the refrigerator.